Nickhil Dimri CTD Chemistry Blog

   In the Specific Heat of a Metal Lab, we uncovered the identity of an unknown metal by determining the specific heat of the metal. First, we heated a beaker filled with water to 90°C with the unknown metal inside. Then we inserted the metal into a container of 22°C water. After a couple of minutes, the water's temperature increased to 26°C. We used the heat gained by the 22°C water to determine the specific heat of the unknown metal. Calculations Heat Gained By Water Specific Heat of Unknown Metal Unknown Metal Specific Heat 323 J            Brass Specific Heat - 380 Unknown Metal = Brass Percent Error - 14.8%  Sources of error could have came from heat escaping the hole that the thermometer punched through the styrofoam cup container and the heat lost from taking out and placing the unknown metal into the new container of water.

   In the Evaporation and Intermolecular Attractions Lab, we found the change in temperature of four different substances by evaporating the substances. We used a LabQuest device to record the temperature of each substance while it was evaporating for 240 seconds. First, we wrapped the LabQuest probe in filter paper. Then we soaked the probe in one of the four substances for thirty seconds. After that, we set the probe on the table to evaporate and collect data.  Calculation Questions 2. Explain the differences in the difference in temperature (𝝙𝗧) of these substances as they evaporated. Explain your results in terms of intermolecular forces.    Due to each substances' different intermolecular forces, they all had varying changes in temperatures. For example, Methanol had the greatest value in change. This was due to its relatively weak intermolecular force compared to those of the other four substances. Therefore, it evaporated and c...

In the Ester Synthesis Lab, my partner and I synthesized chemical compounds that produced  different smells. We mixed ten drops of three different alcohols with glacial acetic and concentrated sulfuric acid in three test tubes. Then we submerged the test tubes in 70 °C water (H 2 O) for ten minutes. After ten minutes, we smelt the three solutions. Analysis Questions 1. Compare odors of the three mixtures after heating compared to the odors of the starting materials. How are the different?    Before heating, all the mixtures smelled close to cleaning supplies. After heating, the mixtures smell sweet. 2. Based on the smell of the mixture after heating, what functional group must be present in the final molecules that were produced? Draw it.    Ester is present in the final molecule that was produced. 3. Were the new compounds easily identified as a specific fragrance like apple or banana? In the case where a specific fragrance was detected, how doe...

   In the Electron Configuration Battleship game,  I calculated electron configurations with the four different blocks on the periodic table. The biggest challenge I had was locating the electron configuration ships and determining the electron configurations for f-block. The game required my partner and myself to recite electron configurations of certain elements to take down battleships.

   During the Flame Test Lab,  metallic ions were burned and vaporized to exhibit specific colors. Nine solutions and two unknown solutions were burned and displayed colors ranging from pink to blue. Pre-Lab Questions 1. What is the difference between ground state and excited state?    When an atom is in its ground state, it is in its lowest but stable energy level. When an atom is in its excited state, an electron has jumped from its orbital level to another one. 2. What does the word "emit" mean?    Emit means to produce or release something. 3. In this experiment, where are the atoms getting their excess energy from?    The atoms are getting excess energy from the heat. 4. Why do different atoms emit different colors of light?    The atoms emit different colors of light because the energy that was absorbed from the heat emits electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths. Data Analysis ...

   The purpose of the Mole-Mass Relationship Lab is to further understand the mass to mass relationship in a chemical equation and interoperate the balanced chemical equation. During the lab, we were required to heat NaHCO 3 (s) + HCl(aq) which yields NaCl(aq) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(g). In this process, a chemical reaction of bubbling occurs when the hydrochloric acid is added to the sodium hydrogen carbonate. After this, water is added and the mixture is boiled. The water evaporates out and NaCl( sodium chloride) powder is left. 1. Which reactant is limiting? How do you know?    The limiting reactant is the NaHCO 3 . There is a limited amount of NaHCO 3 , so there could be remaining HCl( hydrochloric acid) if extra was added in. 2. Find the theoretical yieald of NaCl based on your limiting reactant. Show your work below. 3. Find the mass for the reaming solid product after the evaporation of water based on your experimental data. 4. Fi...

   In the Composition of a Copper Sulfate Hydrate Lab, my group was required to evaporate water out of copper(II) sulfate hydrate into copper(II) sulfate. This was done by heating copper(II) sulfate hydrate in an evaporating dish. We occasionally stirred and reduced the temperature of the chemical compound to make sure it was not decomposing into copper sulfide.  Eventually the water evaporated out. 1. Calculate the mass of the hydrate used. 40.65 g - 39.84 g = 0.81 g of hydrate 2. Calculate the mass of the water lost. 40.65 g - 40.38 g = 0.27 g of water 3. Calculate the percentage of water in the hydrate. 0.27 g / 0.81 g = 33.33% 4.The accepted value for the percentage of water in this hydrate is 36.0%. Find your percent error and provide a possible explanation for your error. (33.33% - 36.0%) / 36.0% = -7.42 percent error There is a percent error because the measurements of the hydrate before and after heating are not precise measurements. 5. Moles ...

  The purpose of the Mole Baggie Lab is to correctly identify an unknown chemical compound. This was done by measuring the mass of the bags with a balance. Using the mass, we divided it by the amount of moles in the bag to find the molar mass. Then we compared the molar mass to the five possible compounds of sodium chloride, potassium sulfate, zinc oxide, sodium sulfate, or calcium carbonate.   Set A.     Label A2     Identity: Potassium Sulate     Mass: 3.45 g     Moles in Bag: 0.020 Calculations: Set B.     Label B 3     Identity: Potassium Sulfate     Mass: 2.94 g     Molecules in Bag: 1.20x10 22           Calculations:   Molar Mass Sodium Chloride: 58 g Potassium Sulfate: 174 g Zinc Oxide: 81 g Sodium Sulfate: 142 g Calcium Carbonate: 100 g 

   The purpose of the Reactions Lab is to observe the variety of chemical reactions, observe the conversion of reactants into product, and analyze the reactions to classify the chemical reactions into different groups. In the lab,  seven experiments were conducted to be observed and to created balanced equations from the mixed elemental compounds. My favorite reaction was of reaction four. When the burning wooden splint is inserted into the test tube. The wood splint brightly sparked, but it dimmed down when the splint was taken out.

   The purpose of the Solid Evidence Lab is to explore chemical reactions that form precipitates. During the lab, 12 combinations of different chemical compounds were created to reveal that certain anions and cations combine and come out of a solution as a precipitate. The instant formation of the precipitate and the different colors astonished me. The most challenging part of the assignment was making sure that the right chemicals were being combined together.

   The goal of the Nomenclature Puzzle Lab is to correctly identify the name of binary compounds. During the lab, a shuffled 64 piece puzzle was given to us to solve. We finished the puzzle by matching a card with three different compound formulas of elements, such as barium, sodium, lithium, iron, and potassium, with their proper names. The biggest challenge while completing this lab was repeatedly going through all the pieces to find one card. My biggest contribution to the completion of the puzzle was keeping the pieces of the puzzle organized by keeping cards with the same element in separate stacks. This made it easier to complete the puzzle.

   The purpose of the Atomic Mass of Candium lab is to determine the average atomic mass of the element candium. The lab requires the measurement of the mass for each isotope of candium by using a balance. Then the samples of each isotope has to be individually counted. The average mass of each isotope is then calculated by dividing the total mass by the total amount of each isotope. Next, the percent and decimal abundance is determined. Finally, the average atomic mass is calculated by using the formula. The average atomic mass comes out to 1.1g Conclusion Questions 1. Ask a group nearby what their average atomic mass was. Why would your average atomic mass be different than theirs?     The average atomic mass of the other group was 1.053 g. The mass is different because our grouop has different amounts of each isotope compared to the other group. 2. If larger samples of candium were used, for example if I gave you a whole backpack fil...

   The purpose of the Chromatography Lab is to reproduce a multicolor are pattern with a variety of black pens using paper chromatography. The experiment was started by drawing designs with pens on a piece of filter paper. A wick was created using another piece of paper which pierced the filter paper. The wick and filter paper were then placed into a cup of water. Slowly the water spread throughout the filter paper creating the design. 1. Why is it important that only the wick and not the filter paper circle be in contact with the water in the cup?     It is important the only the wick is in contact of the water to ensure that the water spreads across the filter paper and through the black ink. 2. What are some of the variables that will affect the pattern of colors produced in the filter paper?    The variables that will affect the pattern of colors produced in the filter paper are the initial ink design and the black ink from the pen...

The purpose of the Aluminum Foil Lab is to find out the thickness of the sheet of aluminum foil. The lab requires the production of a procedure that will determine the thickness for the aluminum. Thickness is distance between opposite sides of something. Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Volume is the quantity of three dimensional space taken up by an object. Significant figures is each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy. The materials required for this lab was a balance, a ruler, and a sheet of aluminum foil.  First, The mass was recorded from the balance. Next, The length and width of the sheet of aluminum was measured. After that the formula m/d=v was used to find volume. The volume was divided by the area of the aluminum sheet. Finally, the thickness or height was simplified by using significant figures. The purpose of this lab was accomplished because the thic...

In the Density Block Lab,  the purpose is to calculate the mass of the block of material. This experiment consists of finding the mass of a cubic block  by multiplying the density and the calculated the volume. The lab concludes with comparing the experimental mass with the mass the instructor calculated. The experimental mass is compared with the actual mass to calculate the percent error.  Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Volume is the quantity of three dimensional space taken up by an object. Significant figures is each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy. The equipment used in the lab are a ruler and a balance. The material needed for this lab was a cubic block of an unknown material.  First, the volume of the block was calculated by measuring the length, width, and height. Next, the mass was determined by multiplying the volume, 13.834 cubic cm, b...